African Women s Liberation Theology Essay - 2365 Words

DISSERTATION AFRICAN WOMEN IN LIBERATION THEOLOGY Literature Review Liberation theology is the fulfilment and deliverance of theology from the instance of positioning it in real situations in life into the centre of the battle. Liberation theology desires to bring excessive religious zeal which fails to identify the quality of declaring God who created all man equal but is disinterested about their existence. McCall says â€Å"Liberation theology represents attempts to move theology from the abstract to practical life situations, to call attention to the social implications of the gospel that have generally been ignored by western nations†. In this thesis, I want to review a couple of books written which gives a search light to what I am going to explore the experience of African women in relation to liberation theology. Introducing Womanist Theology by Stephannie Y. Mitchem (Published by Orbis Books, P.O. Box 308, Mary knoll, N.Y. 10545-0308 The summary of this book reflect the social and political facts of human societies. Each theology expands, changing as human social and political events that determine liberation theology as a reflection of humanity and illustrates the variety of ways that people encounter the divine. Womanist actually saw theology as â€Å"God talk†, the method of thanking God holds the human scope. For womanist, â€Å"God talk† must accomplish both words and actions in divine to human. This development distinguishes the ideology of theology as a study of God whichShow MoreRelatedBlack Women And The United States Of America Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pageswill be written to address the experiences that black women have within the United States of America. It will include statistical data that further explores the differences that not only blacks have within the United States, but that black women face as an unspoken minority. The beginning paragraphs will provide information about the history of the United States, liberation theology, black liberation theology, and more specifically womanist theology in reference to black women’s experiences. The applicabilityRead MoreDorothy Of The White House1355 Words   |  6 Pagesstrong will for social justice. She was a natural pacifist which she expressed even before converting to Catholicism. She worked for the Call which encouraged her picketing and strikes against social injustices. (57) Later, Dorothy also protested with women against suffragists in front of the White House and was arrested. During her time in prison, she got involved with a hunger strike which caused the demands to be met. (82) She had a strong will for the fairness of others. Dorothy had lived in an apartmentRead MoreThe Anglican Clergy By Morgan Godwyn1476 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the document entitled Godwyn, Morgan. Negro s and Indians Advocate Suing for Their Admission Into the Church. London: Printed for the author, by J.D. and are to be sold by most booksellers, 1680. This document supported the argument that advocated religious traditions for enslaved Africans. The writer thought Africans needed to be fully accepted members of the Christian faith by being baptized. However, others believed in the hope that Africans were exposed to a religious life that reflectedRead MoreCross Cultural Psychology - A Case Study On Marcus Garvey Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology – A Case Study on Marcus Garvey Introduction to African History Black people in the Western Hemisphere have in the past lacked the ability to represent their tales to their own selves, from their point of view in museums. The fact that African Universities, such as 14th century Djenne University of Timbuktu, had numerous volumes of manuscripts and books, the black kids in the Western Hemisphere were under the impression that Africans written history didn’t exist therefore Europeans’ wroteRead MoreRacism : A Social Construct1593 Words   |  7 Pagesracism has an impact on all of our lives in the US, however; it’s the intersectionality of the other social identity forces that when they are interacting with racism, they manifest many forms of social oppression. My social identity is that of an African-American, married lesbian woman. Racism is a social construct that has serious impact on many people’s lives. Heterosexism, also a social construct and racism contribute to the ever widening inequality gap. To slow sown or change the gap growthRead More Family and Church Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily, which was parallel to that of the European family. Also, as a result of these myths, scholars often ignored the differences of American and European life. For example, women in frontier areas had a much stronger voice in family affairs than most scholars realized, simply because of the shortage of women. Therefore, women exercised a large percentage of authority in the family. In the cities where family was of little importance as an economic unit and the father was often at work, the care ofRead MoreWomens Role Since 1930s1493 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s role since 1930’s Women have fought throughout history in order to achieve different roles as well as to acquire recognition, independence, equality and respect. It has not been easy since they have had many barriers to overcome; their role in the family as wives, mothers and daughters; their role in society fighting for their rights, being heard and treated as men; their role as career women, not only receiving an education but also being able to work. Looking back at historyRead MoreMartin Luther ( 1483-1546 )2808 Words   |  12 PagesMartin Luther (1483-1546) – Martin Luther was a German monk and theologian whose initial concern with the Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences ultimately led to the Protestant Reformation. He was a prolific writer and his theology challenged many of the accepted traditions of the church, perhaps most importantly his doctrine of â€Å"justification by faith,† affirming that human faith and justification are not works of their own hands, but gifts from God. Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) – Philipp MelanchthonRead More15. . . . . Womanism Vs Feminism . Tessa King. Evans High4725 Words   |  19 Pagessocial theory which is strictly racial and gender-based oppression of black women. Black feminism and womanism should be separated because one is focused on how different social ideologies are interconnected and the other is only racial and gender-based. For example based on the ideals of black feminism, racism and class oppression are interconnect; whereas womanism is strictly racial and gender-based oppression of Black women. Keeping the two connected would cause people to think that they mean theRead MoreInto the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II, by Elizabeth Flowers3109 Words   |  13 PagesInto the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II, by Elizabeth Flowers, as the title suggest, is a historical account of women and their treatment in the Southern Baptist Convention from the mi d 1940’s to present. Flower’s work revolves much around the well accounted for story of the SBC conflicts of the late 20th century, however, providing the often untold story of women in ministry and particularly their mistreatment. The book is broken up chronologically, chapter one and

Personal Finance Smart Goals - 766 Words

Step 1: Set Smart Goals During the Financial planning process of setting goals, making a plan to conquer the goal, and then putting the plan into action are very important. When setting goals remember they are crucial, because learning how to create clear goals is a key to success throughout life. Goals set should be SMART goals, specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound. A goal should not be vague, it should be precise and descriptive. A goal should also be able to be measured with time and money, plus it should be achievable. Goals should also be practical, and have a specific time period when they are going to be completed by. An intermediate SMART goal set for my friend is to buy a new pair of Nike running†¦show more content†¦Step 4 is weigh the pros and cons, consider how your alternatives and options match with your criteria. You might only want to wait five months, and you may really want Nike sneakers. Step 5 is making a decision, you have to deci de which option meets your criteria. Buying the Nike shoes in 5 months for one hundred dollars may be your best option. Lastly, step 6 is evaluating your results. Was the decision to buy the sneakers a good one and did it work out? Afterwards, think about the decision and whether you liked the results or not. Step 4: Implement The Plan When your plan is in place, the next step is to put it into action. Putting a plan into action can be challenging, sometimes sticking to the goal set is difficult. Even though staying true to a goal is difficult there are guidelines to help. For example, when going to spend money, so you are not tempted to spend more than needed, only take the exact amount needed. Also make sure to review the plan often so when starting to get off of the route to complete a goal, you can adjust quickly and make adjustments. Writing goals on a piece of paper with a picture placed somewhere you see every day helps you stick to it. Good motivation to stick towards your goal is to tell multiple people about it, and then have them ask about your progress. Step 5: Monitor and Modify the plan Many things in life can impact a financial plan. Such as gaining or losing an unexpected amount of money. Losing aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance By Rachel Siegel And Carol Yacht1072 Words   |  5 PagesComplete the Assignment: Personal Finance by Rachel Siegel and Carol Yacht (2009); Page 23. Exercise 2. See below: â€Å"Use the S.M.A.R.T. planning model and information in this section to evaluate Alice’s goals (below). a. pay off student loan b. buy a house and save for children’s education c. accumulate assets d. retire e. travel around the world in a sailboat. Discuss your evaluations (p.23). Prepare a two page (double-spaced) essay. Cite references to material that you use in preparing the essayRead MoreEssay about Wk 1 Discussion813 Words   |  4 Pagesdefines an agency problem as a â€Å"conflict between the goals of a firm’s owners and its managers† (Megginson Smart, 2009). It then defines agency costs as dollar costs that arise because of this conflict. In the corporate structure, stockholders are the owners of the firm, and they elect a board of directors to oversee the firm and help protect their investment. The board then hires the right corporate managers to run the firm with the goal of maximizing the wealth of the shareholders. In a vacuumRead MorePersonal Financial Goals And Objectives Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pageswritten financial goal with define action plans that will help you to achieve such goals. Planning is important to set deliberate actions that will guide you in reaching your goals. It is even necessary when you are further from the set goal. When it comes to money, most individuals would love to manage their personal finances so that they achieve maximum satisfaction from each available currency. To achieve this goal, you must first identify the financial goals and set priorities. Personal financial planningRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Literacy Campaign811 Words   |  4 PagesFourteen hundred billion dollars. That’s how much Americans owe in student loan debt (Federal Reserve). And yet we continue to fund our education with loans. While I am striving to obtain a debt-free education, many of my peers don’t have the same goal. And even I don’t completely understand common monetary proceedings like mortgages or tax returns. To succeed during and after college, we young people need to understand how money works and how to use it wisely. My generation isn’t the only one thatRead MoreLooking Toward the Future1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthis essay, I will discuss three goals I have set for m y future. The three goals will consist of one personal, one professional, and one academic goal in the online environment. In addition to the three goals, I will discuss the SMART goal process while explaining each goal. After discussing my goals toward the future I will create an accountability plan that will help ensure I meet the goals I have set for myself. Personal Goal: Lose 40 pounds My personal goal involves losing forty pounds. IRead MoreUnderstanding And Managing People : Personal Development Plan1684 Words   |  7 PagesUnit: Understanding and Managing people Personal development plan Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. What is Self-Managed learning (SML)? 4. Positive influence of self-managed learning 5. Personal Development Plan 6. Progress review 7. SWOT analysis 8. SMART Goals Introduction In this assignment, I shall be understanding aspirations of my career choice; in addition to that, I shall also be understandingRead MoreOrganization Strategies for the Technical Professional1583 Words   |  7 Pagesone small cross section of organization. Intangible items such as time, relationships, information and finances must also be organized in such a way that will improve our ability to be efficient, effective and ultimately successful. Throughout this paper I will be exploring three concepts of organization; Organization of time, Organization of the workspace, and the organization of personal finances. In my opinion, these topics will ultimately prove to be the most relevant to the success of a technicalRead MorePersonal Financial Management1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthings. Unfortunately with accumulation of money, come additional problems and responsibilities alike. Creating a balance of spending and saving is the key to a successful financial life. 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In Businesses SpreadsheetsRead MoreA Student s Guide For Financial Planning1387 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning Personal financial planning is comprised of various fiscal fields. Proper budgeting practices, expenses, different forms of debt, retirement plans and savings habits, insurance options, and many others. Having a proficient comprehension of the way these different subjects coexist is fundamental for building a concrete financial basis. Developing ways to progress your financial status early is one way to be prepared for your fiscal future! Budgeting The most basic aspect of personal finance is

Personal Finance Smart Goals - 766 Words

Step 1: Set Smart Goals During the Financial planning process of setting goals, making a plan to conquer the goal, and then putting the plan into action are very important. When setting goals remember they are crucial, because learning how to create clear goals is a key to success throughout life. Goals set should be SMART goals, specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound. A goal should not be vague, it should be precise and descriptive. A goal should also be able to be measured with time and money, plus it should be achievable. Goals should also be practical, and have a specific time period when they are going to be completed by. An intermediate SMART goal set for my friend is to buy a new pair of Nike running†¦show more content†¦Step 4 is weigh the pros and cons, consider how your alternatives and options match with your criteria. You might only want to wait five months, and you may really want Nike sneakers. Step 5 is making a decision, you have to deci de which option meets your criteria. Buying the Nike shoes in 5 months for one hundred dollars may be your best option. Lastly, step 6 is evaluating your results. Was the decision to buy the sneakers a good one and did it work out? Afterwards, think about the decision and whether you liked the results or not. Step 4: Implement The Plan When your plan is in place, the next step is to put it into action. Putting a plan into action can be challenging, sometimes sticking to the goal set is difficult. Even though staying true to a goal is difficult there are guidelines to help. For example, when going to spend money, so you are not tempted to spend more than needed, only take the exact amount needed. Also make sure to review the plan often so when starting to get off of the route to complete a goal, you can adjust quickly and make adjustments. Writing goals on a piece of paper with a picture placed somewhere you see every day helps you stick to it. Good motivation to stick towards your goal is to tell multiple people about it, and then have them ask about your progress. Step 5: Monitor and Modify the plan Many things in life can impact a financial plan. Such as gaining or losing an unexpected amount of money. Losing aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance By Rachel Siegel And Carol Yacht1072 Words   |  5 PagesComplete the Assignment: Personal Finance by Rachel Siegel and Carol Yacht (2009); Page 23. Exercise 2. See below: â€Å"Use the S.M.A.R.T. planning model and information in this section to evaluate Alice’s goals (below). a. pay off student loan b. buy a house and save for children’s education c. accumulate assets d. retire e. travel around the world in a sailboat. Discuss your evaluations (p.23). Prepare a two page (double-spaced) essay. Cite references to material that you use in preparing the essayRead MoreEssay about Wk 1 Discussion813 Words   |  4 Pagesdefines an agency problem as a â€Å"conflict between the goals of a firm’s owners and its managers† (Megginson Smart, 2009). It then defines agency costs as dollar costs that arise because of this conflict. In the corporate structure, stockholders are the owners of the firm, and they elect a board of directors to oversee the firm and help protect their investment. The board then hires the right corporate managers to run the firm with the goal of maximizing the wealth of the shareholders. In a vacuumRead MorePersonal Financial Goals And Objectives Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pageswritten financial goal with define action plans that will help you to achieve such goals. Planning is important to set deliberate actions that will guide you in reaching your goals. It is even necessary when you are further from the set goal. When it comes to money, most individuals would love to manage their personal finances so that they achieve maximum satisfaction from each available currency. To achieve this goal, you must first identify the financial goals and set priorities. Personal financial planningRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Literacy Campaign811 Words   |  4 PagesFourteen hundred billion dollars. That’s how much Americans owe in student loan debt (Federal Reserve). And yet we continue to fund our education with loans. While I am striving to obtain a debt-free education, many of my peers don’t have the same goal. And even I don’t completely understand common monetary proceedings like mortgages or tax returns. To succeed during and after college, we young people need to understand how money works and how to use it wisely. My generation isn’t the only one thatRead MoreLooking Toward the Future1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthis essay, I will discuss three goals I have set for m y future. The three goals will consist of one personal, one professional, and one academic goal in the online environment. In addition to the three goals, I will discuss the SMART goal process while explaining each goal. After discussing my goals toward the future I will create an accountability plan that will help ensure I meet the goals I have set for myself. Personal Goal: Lose 40 pounds My personal goal involves losing forty pounds. IRead MoreUnderstanding And Managing People : Personal Development Plan1684 Words   |  7 PagesUnit: Understanding and Managing people Personal development plan Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. What is Self-Managed learning (SML)? 4. Positive influence of self-managed learning 5. Personal Development Plan 6. Progress review 7. SWOT analysis 8. SMART Goals Introduction In this assignment, I shall be understanding aspirations of my career choice; in addition to that, I shall also be understandingRead MoreOrganization Strategies for the Technical Professional1583 Words   |  7 Pagesone small cross section of organization. Intangible items such as time, relationships, information and finances must also be organized in such a way that will improve our ability to be efficient, effective and ultimately successful. Throughout this paper I will be exploring three concepts of organization; Organization of time, Organization of the workspace, and the organization of personal finances. In my opinion, these topics will ultimately prove to be the most relevant to the success of a technicalRead MorePersonal Financial Management1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthings. Unfortunately with accumulation of money, come additional problems and responsibilities alike. Creating a balance of spending and saving is the key to a successful financial life. According to Sharon K. Zoumbaris, author of Teen Guide to Personal Financial Management, It really can be summed up in the most elementary equation: if your expenses are less than your income, the difference represents potential savings and investments. The more you can save, the better your financial foundationRead MoreMicrosoft Excel: Goal Seek and Scenarios Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent uses and environments where spreadsheets can be used: It can b e used in the workplace for creating documents such as cash flow, stock control, profit and loss account and many more. Spreadsheets commonly used in personal needs as well for creating budgeting and tracking finances. Problem solving and Decision making can be influenced by use of spreadsheet, using trend analysis, comparing data and prediction of data can help solve complex and simple problems. In Businesses SpreadsheetsRead MoreA Student s Guide For Financial Planning1387 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning Personal financial planning is comprised of various fiscal fields. Proper budgeting practices, expenses, different forms of debt, retirement plans and savings habits, insurance options, and many others. Having a proficient comprehension of the way these different subjects coexist is fundamental for building a concrete financial basis. Developing ways to progress your financial status early is one way to be prepared for your fiscal future! Budgeting The most basic aspect of personal finance is

Personal Finance Smart Goals - 766 Words

Step 1: Set Smart Goals During the Financial planning process of setting goals, making a plan to conquer the goal, and then putting the plan into action are very important. When setting goals remember they are crucial, because learning how to create clear goals is a key to success throughout life. Goals set should be SMART goals, specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound. A goal should not be vague, it should be precise and descriptive. A goal should also be able to be measured with time and money, plus it should be achievable. Goals should also be practical, and have a specific time period when they are going to be completed by. An intermediate SMART goal set for my friend is to buy a new pair of Nike running†¦show more content†¦Step 4 is weigh the pros and cons, consider how your alternatives and options match with your criteria. You might only want to wait five months, and you may really want Nike sneakers. Step 5 is making a decision, you have to deci de which option meets your criteria. Buying the Nike shoes in 5 months for one hundred dollars may be your best option. Lastly, step 6 is evaluating your results. Was the decision to buy the sneakers a good one and did it work out? Afterwards, think about the decision and whether you liked the results or not. Step 4: Implement The Plan When your plan is in place, the next step is to put it into action. Putting a plan into action can be challenging, sometimes sticking to the goal set is difficult. Even though staying true to a goal is difficult there are guidelines to help. For example, when going to spend money, so you are not tempted to spend more than needed, only take the exact amount needed. Also make sure to review the plan often so when starting to get off of the route to complete a goal, you can adjust quickly and make adjustments. Writing goals on a piece of paper with a picture placed somewhere you see every day helps you stick to it. Good motivation to stick towards your goal is to tell multiple people about it, and then have them ask about your progress. Step 5: Monitor and Modify the plan Many things in life can impact a financial plan. Such as gaining or losing an unexpected amount of money. Losing aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance By Rachel Siegel And Carol Yacht1072 Words   |  5 PagesComplete the Assignment: Personal Finance by Rachel Siegel and Carol Yacht (2009); Page 23. Exercise 2. See below: â€Å"Use the S.M.A.R.T. planning model and information in this section to evaluate Alice’s goals (below). a. pay off student loan b. buy a house and save for children’s education c. accumulate assets d. retire e. travel around the world in a sailboat. Discuss your evaluations (p.23). Prepare a two page (double-spaced) essay. Cite references to material that you use in preparing the essayRead MoreEssay about Wk 1 Discussion813 Words   |  4 Pagesdefines an agency problem as a â€Å"conflict between the goals of a firm’s owners and its managers† (Megginson Smart, 2009). It then defines agency costs as dollar costs that arise because of this conflict. In the corporate structure, stockholders are the owners of the firm, and they elect a board of directors to oversee the firm and help protect their investment. The board then hires the right corporate managers to run the firm with the goal of maximizing the wealth of the shareholders. In a vacuumRead MorePersonal Financial Goals And Objectives Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pageswritten financial goal with define action plans that will help you to achieve such goals. Planning is important to set deliberate actions that will guide you in reaching your goals. It is even necessary when you are further from the set goal. When it comes to money, most individuals would love to manage their personal finances so that they achieve maximum satisfaction from each available currency. To achieve this goal, you must first identify the financial goals and set priorities. Personal financial planningRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Literacy Campaign811 Words   |  4 PagesFourteen hundred billion dollars. That’s how much Americans owe in student loan debt (Federal Reserve). And yet we continue to fund our education with loans. While I am striving to obtain a debt-free education, many of my peers don’t have the same goal. And even I don’t completely understand common monetary proceedings like mortgages or tax returns. To succeed during and after college, we young people need to understand how money works and how to use it wisely. My generation isn’t the only one thatRead MoreLooking Toward the Future1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthis essay, I will discuss three goals I have set for m y future. The three goals will consist of one personal, one professional, and one academic goal in the online environment. In addition to the three goals, I will discuss the SMART goal process while explaining each goal. After discussing my goals toward the future I will create an accountability plan that will help ensure I meet the goals I have set for myself. Personal Goal: Lose 40 pounds My personal goal involves losing forty pounds. IRead MoreUnderstanding And Managing People : Personal Development Plan1684 Words   |  7 PagesUnit: Understanding and Managing people Personal development plan Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. What is Self-Managed learning (SML)? 4. Positive influence of self-managed learning 5. Personal Development Plan 6. Progress review 7. SWOT analysis 8. SMART Goals Introduction In this assignment, I shall be understanding aspirations of my career choice; in addition to that, I shall also be understandingRead MoreOrganization Strategies for the Technical Professional1583 Words   |  7 Pagesone small cross section of organization. Intangible items such as time, relationships, information and finances must also be organized in such a way that will improve our ability to be efficient, effective and ultimately successful. Throughout this paper I will be exploring three concepts of organization; Organization of time, Organization of the workspace, and the organization of personal finances. In my opinion, these topics will ultimately prove to be the most relevant to the success of a technicalRead MorePersonal Financial Management1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthings. Unfortunately with accumulation of money, come additional problems and responsibilities alike. Creating a balance of spending and saving is the key to a successful financial life. According to Sharon K. Zoumbaris, author of Teen Guide to Personal Financial Management, It really can be summed up in the most elementary equation: if your expenses are less than your income, the difference represents potential savings and investments. The more you can save, the better your financial foundationRead MoreMicrosoft Excel: Goal Seek and Scenarios Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent uses and environments where spreadsheets can be used: It can b e used in the workplace for creating documents such as cash flow, stock control, profit and loss account and many more. Spreadsheets commonly used in personal needs as well for creating budgeting and tracking finances. Problem solving and Decision making can be influenced by use of spreadsheet, using trend analysis, comparing data and prediction of data can help solve complex and simple problems. In Businesses SpreadsheetsRead MoreA Student s Guide For Financial Planning1387 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning Personal financial planning is comprised of various fiscal fields. Proper budgeting practices, expenses, different forms of debt, retirement plans and savings habits, insurance options, and many others. Having a proficient comprehension of the way these different subjects coexist is fundamental for building a concrete financial basis. Developing ways to progress your financial status early is one way to be prepared for your fiscal future! Budgeting The most basic aspect of personal finance is

Digital Marketing Business Communication Skills

Question: Discuss about the Digital Marketing for Business Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction: Over the past few years, most of the food restaurants across the global market have been enhancing their business opportunities through the involvement of the digital communication tools. By discussing the most common and popular digital communication tools, it can be assessed that the Social media, television, online platform, email marketing have been increasing its popularity due to its high demand in the market (Chaffey, Smith and Smith 2012). With the involvement of such digital media platforms, the food restaurant called Oporto would be able to expand the business across the large domestic market as well as in the international market. Social media platform is one of the integral parts of the advertising to the small and large organization in the market. Social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, have been providing adequate opportunities to the organizations in spreading the product and service knowledge across the domestic market in an inexpensive way (Ryan 2014). The particular organization would be able to get in touch with their new and existing customers through the social media platform including Facebook. Besides social media, the particular organization would also utilize the e-mail marketing for their premium clients. Moreover, the video marketing can also be an important part of the digital communication program. Nowadays, video marketing tools including YouTube have been facilitating the organizations in spreading their product and service knowledge through entertaining video promotion (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). Hence, the particular organization would engage the video promotion fo r most of the youth customers of the Australia. With the engagement of the discussed media vehicles, the popular restaurant called Oporto would be able to enhance the customers base in an efficient manner. The aim of the digital communication platforms: The purpose of the digital communication tools would be to facilitate the particular organization called Oporto in enhancing the business opportunities across the domestic market. Over the past decade, the importance of the digital communication tools has been increasing in a robust manner (Jrvinen et al. 2012). With the involvement of the digital media, the organization would be able to reduce the promotional cost in an efficient manner. Without implementing the digital media communication, the organization would not be able to reach their product and service knowledge across the domestic and international market. Besides the customers engagement, the DCP framework would also facilitate the organization in obtaining the good relationship with the existing and new audiences (Royle and Laing 2014). Since 1986, the particular organization named Oporto had been trying to engage the customers from the domestic market through their attractive and delicious food items including Burgers, Ch icken, Bites and Snacks, Meal box, Sauces, etc. (Oporto. 2016). Moreover, pricing of the product is quite reasonable, and it attracts the customers in an efficient manner. Hence, the involvement of the Digital communication program into the business would facilitate Oporto in enhancing the customers base along with its brand values across the domestic market. How DCP will help the organization: Digital communication program has a huge impact on the globalization of the business. Without implementing the digital communication program, the organization would not be able to spread their updated products information to their customers across the large domestic market. In Australia, there are huge competitions among the restaurants, as the number of restaurants is increasing gradually (Chaffey, Smith and Smith 2012). Hence, the digital communication program would facilitate the particular food chain of Australia in enhancing the customers base within the short timeline. Consequently, it would contribute the organization in gaining the competitive advantages in an appropriate manner. By involving the digital media vehicles including, social media promotion, video promotion, search engine optimization, email marketing into the business, the particular food chain would be able to extend their delicious food serving facilities to their customers (Ryan 2014). The involvement of the s ocial media including Facebook would facilitate the organization in tracking the customers feedbacks and suggestions for enhancing the services in an efficient manner. Besides this, the video promotional tool including YouTube would allow the management of the organization in understanding the customers likes and dislikes easily, as the particular video portal has the options (Like and Dislike button) for the audience to measure the effectiveness of the promotion in an effectual manner. Consequently, it would facilitate the organizations in identifying the key development areas of the business. By discussing the effectiveness of the Digital Communication Program on the business, it can be assessed that the particular platform would facilitate the particular restaurant in decreasing the operation cost (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). By including the discussed media vehicles into the promotional activities, the organization can promote their attractive service more cheaply. References Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Jrvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H. and Jayawardhena, C., 2012. DIGITAL AND SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING USAGE IN B2B INDUSTRIAL SECTION.Marketing Management Journal,22(2). Oporto. (2016).The Story of Oporto | Oporto - Fresh Grilled Chicken and Burgers. [online] Available at: https://www.oporto.com.au/story/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Royle, J. and Laing, A., 2014. The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.65-73. Ryan, D., 2014.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708.

The On Purpose Business free essay sample

A review of The On Purpose Business by Kevin McCarthy about good customer service. This paper examines good business ethics and customer service as presented in this book. The book explains to a business owner that he can still provide good customer service without compromising on ones profits. The paper also quotes some of the anecdotes from the book. The book started with a story entitled, The Interview, wherein the author quotes Bill OBrien, former CEO of the Hanover Insurance Company, at the start of the chapter: [t[here are two fundamentally differing views of human nature and work. The objective view sees work as a source of economic means. The subjective view is concerned with the effects of work on the person. By the end of the 21st century, quality will become commodity, and companies will be distinguished by the wholeness of their people (McCarthy 21). This quote defines the wholeness of what the book is, and true enough, the story that followed after this well- thought of excerpt from OBrien resembles the situation the characters of the first story are in. We will write a custom essay sample on The On Purpose Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Baseline Survey Methodology Essays

Baseline Survey Methodology Essays Baseline Survey Methodology Essay Baseline Survey Methodology Essay The current Base Line Study of the target population located in Tuticorin district provides the planners a fair idea of the present situation of the Health status, Educational status, Nutritional status, Water and Sanitation conditions, Life skills and immediate supplies from Child Development Programme. The study helps the implementing partner of the Organization to make self assessment of their progress made in the last one year and to measure the immediate impact created in the short time which in turn help them to plan for setting their own targets to achieve in the stipulated time frame and ensure quality programming. The study helps the Key stake holders at national and international level to plan the critical inputs necessary in to the programming like services, supplies, manpower, capacity building etc to create the expected impact and out come. As the NGO partner staff and CBO members are directly involved in the study they could work for the sustainable model and address other issues identified during the study and explore for the resources. Methodology adopted: To get the updated information and situation in the community, House Hold survey method has been taken up using the staff of the CCFC partner by interviewing the respondents for appropriate category, after training the data collectors on the sampling methods, programme components and the Tools used for the information capturing from the catchment area in teams. Sampling: Lot Quality Assurance Sampling has been used to draw the sample from the entire population of the catchment area of the Child Development programme implemented by the NGO partner. The NGO is working in 4 clusters consisting 27 small villages with a total population of 2721 House holds spread in small colonies. All the 27 villages have been converted in to 7 supervisory areas for the purpose of the study and for future supportive supervision. The sample size has been taken as 19 for each supervisory area and thus a total of 133 sample house holds have been derived for the interviews. The sample interval has been derived as 20 for the entire population for equal distribution representing all the villages. The random number has been selected from the given random table. The number 16 has been picked up in blind fold as the random number one for the first house hold to be interviewed and all the 133 samples have been worked out with the sample interval of 20 to cover the universe. For each supervisory area, two data collectors have been placed to collect the data. The selected house hold numbers have been given to each team of the data collectors from the 7 supervisory areas. Operational Definitions: 1. Catchment Area: The catchment area is the broader geographical area where the target population of the Child Development programme lives in their house holds with their families. In other words it is the entire operational area of the Child development programme taken up by the partner NGO in the villages /communities. 2. Supervisory Area: It is the area where few villages /communities with the target population taken up for programme intervention and better support supervision by the programme staff. Here the Supervisory Area has been used for the purpose of the study, other wise earlier the area was supervised by 4 staff in 4 clusters of villages. 3. Tool: In this study well structured questionnaires have been used for different categories of the target population for interviews in a schedule. Each interview schedule consists of 3 questionnaires to cover 6 categories of the population in their different life stages. The information provided by the respondents is recorded in appropriate boxes in codes in the questionnaire sheets. The answers to some open ended questions are recorded in the space provided in the questionnaire. 4. Respondents: The respondents in this study are those who provide the information for the questions asked by the interviewers (Data Collectors). For the children of the age group 0 to 5 years, the mothers are the respondents, for the age group of 6 to14 years children the respondents are the children themselves and for the age group 15 to 24 years, the youth from the house hold are the respondents.

Ancestry of George W. Bush - Bush Family Tree

Ancestry of George W. Bush - Bush Family Tree Originating in Columbus, Ohio, the Bush family has developed into one of the most accomplished political families of the 20th century. Other important individuals in the Bush family tree include the Spencer family that produced Diana, Princess of Wales, which makes George W. Bush a 17th cousin to Prince William of Wales. The great great great grandmother of President George W. Bush, Harriet Smith (wife of Obidiah Newcomb Bushs wife) and her descendants, are distant cousins of John Kerry. First Generation 1. George Walker BUSH was born on 6 Jul 1946 in New Haven, Connecticut. George Walker BUSH married: Laura Lane Welch on 5 November 1977 in the First United Methodist Church of Midland, Texas. Laura WELCH was born on 4 November 1946 to Harold Bruch WELCH and Jenna Louise (Hawkins) WELCH. Second Generation 2. George Herbert Walker BUSH was born on 12 Jun 1924 in Milton, Massachusetts.1 George Herbert Walker BUSH and Barbara PIERCE were married on 6 Jan 1945 in Rye, Westchester County, New York.1 3. Barbara PIERCE was born on 8 Jun 1925 in Rye, Westchester County, New York. George Herbert Walker BUSH and Barbara PIERCE had the following children: 1 i. George Walker BUSHii. Pauline Robinson BUSHiii. Jeb BUSHiv. Neil BUSHv. Marvin BUSHvi. Dorothy BUSH Third Generation 4. Prescott Sheldon BUSH was born on 15 May 1895 in Columbus, Ohio.2 Between 1952 and 1963 he was an U.S. Senator. He died of lung cancer on 8 Oct 1972 in New York City, New York.2 Prescott Sheldon BUSH and Dorothy WALKER were married on 6 Aug 1921 in Kennebunkport, Maine.2 5. Dorothy WALKER3,4 was born on 1 Jul 1901 in Missouri.2 She died on 19 Nov 1992 in Greenwich, Connecticut.2 Prescott Sheldon BUSH and Dorothy WALKER had the following children: i. Prescott Sheldon (Pres) BUSH Jr was born on 10 Aug 1922.22 ii. George Herbert Walker BUSH.iii. Nancy BUSH was born on 3 Feb 1926.2iv. Jonathan James BUSH was born on 6 May 1931.2v. William Henry Trotter (Buck or Bucky) BUSH was born on 14 Jul 1938.2 6. Marvin PIERCE was born on 17 Jun 1893 in Sharpsville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania. He died on 17 Jul 1969 in Rye, Westchester County, New York. Marvin PIERCE and Pauline ROBINSON were married in Aug 1918. 7. Pauline ROBINSON was born in Apr 1896 in Ohio. She died from injuries suffered in a car accident on 23 Sep 1949 in Rye, Westchester County, New York. Marvin PIERCE and Pauline ROBINSON had the following children: i. Martha PIERCE was born in 1920.ii. James Robinson PIERCE was born in 1921.3 iii. Barbara PIERCE Fourth Generation 8. Samuel Prescott BUSH2 was born on 4 Oct 1863 in Brick Chuch, New Jersey.2 He died on 8 Feb 1948 in Columbus, Ohio. Samuel Prescott BUSH and Flora SHELDON were married on 20 Jun 1894 in Columbus, Ohio. 9. Flora SHELDON was born on 17 Mar 1872 in Franklin Co, Ohio. She died on 4 Sep 1920 in Watch Hill, Rhode Island. Samuel Prescott BUSH and Flora SHELDON had the following children: 4 i. Prescott Sheldon BUSH 10. George Herbert WALKER was born on 11 Jun 1875 in St. Louis, Missouri. He died on 24 Jun 1953 in New York City, New York. George Herbert WALKER and Lucretia (Loulie) WEAR were married on 17 Jan 1899 in St. Louis, Missouri. 11. Lucretia (Loulie) WEAR was born on 17 Sep 1874 in St. Louis, Missouri. She died on 28 Aug 1961 in Biddeford, Maine. George Herbert WALKER and Lucretia (Loulie) WEAR had the following children: 5 i. Dorothy WALKER 12. Scott PIERCE was born on 18 Jan 1866 in Sharpsville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania.3 Scott PIERCE and Mabel MARVIN were married on 26 Nov 1891. 13. Mabel MARVIN was born on 4 Jun 1869 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Scott PIERCE and Mabel MARVIN had the following children: 6 i. Marvin PIERCE. ii. Charlotte PIERCE was born on 30 Sep 1894.4 She died on 15 Aug 1971 in Dayton, Ohio.4 14. James Edgar ROBINSON was born on 15 Aug 1868 in Marysville, Ohio. He died in 1931. James Edgar ROBINSON and Lula Dell FLICKINGER were married on 31 Mar 1895 in Marion County, Ohio. 15. Lula Dell FLICKINGER was born in Mar 1875 in Byhalia, Ohio. James Edgar ROBINSON and Lula Dell FLICKINGER had the following children: 7 i. Pauline ROBINSON

How Linguistics Helps to Explore the Language of Every Field Assignment

How Linguistics Helps to Explore the Language of Every Field - Assignment Example The information might provide guidance to the students in order to feel comfortable with the field by providing the following information. Linguistics is generally defined as the study of language. It brings every concern about the language into consideration. The language can be oral or written. Oral language in any form can be analyzed scientifically. It can be in the form of conversations, speeches or any formal talk. The major subjects of the field of linguistics are Phonetics, phonology, morphology, and sociolinguistics. The various subjects will help the students analyze the language from different perspectives depending on what aspect the person is interested in exploring. There is a debate about the common features that both linguistics and language studies hold. To make one point clear; linguistics and language study has no such distinction in its nature. They study the same aspects and features. The readings and the writers that will help in order to build the background knowledge of the students should be based on the introduction of the field. The readings will help to build the knowledge of the students. The advantages of the field are numerous. Being the primary source of communication between humans, language plays the vital role of inter-connecting humans which forms the basis of nearly all activities of human beings. The students after learning about linguistics will be master at analyzing the language of written and oral discourse. The students can also incorporate the field of literature into linguistics which will help them in the new field a lot.

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal Essay

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal - Essay Example The grantmaker gives your organization money based on how well your goals and objectives match their own goals and objectives. They are investing money in your organization and programs, much like you would do if you bought a stock or bond. The grantmaker wants to see a â€Å"return on investment† in the form of outcomes. Not just feel-good outcomes, but evidence that something has changed or improved because of their investment with you. By the time you get to write the Outcomes Evaluation section of the proposal, you should already have: Now you are ready to write the Outcomes Evaluation and Dissemination Plan. The outcomes evaluation section of a grant proposal is the most difficult to write and usually ends up being the shortest section. This is too bad, because here is where a non-profit can show itself to be organized and professional. Designing instruments, gathering data, and crunching numbers seems to be a frustrating waste of time for the people on the ground. You or your staff might think: There are so many constituents who could use our help; why do we waste our time proving we are helping? Just look around! It’s not quite that simple, however. Grantmakers are not punishing you by asking for outcomes evaluation. This data, properly gathered and evaluated, and properly applied, strengthens your organization (Foundation Center 2009). It is like a pat on the back you give yourselves, or constructive criticism you create from within your organization. It should go without saying, but a reminder is always nice: read the request for proposal carefully. Some grantmakers want to see actual prototypes of information-gathering instruments; others just want to know what you will develop and who will develop it. Data collection doesn’t happen in isolation; it is part of the process of delivering a service. If your staff is busy working with clients, they don’t have much time to gather 10,000 bits of data. However, data collection

Charting a New Course for Schools Essay Example for Free

Charting a New Course for Schools Essay Marc Tucker’s article, â€Å"Charting a New Course for Schools,† highlights the most urgent problems that the American education system currently faces. He mentions the need to reform the education system in order to compete in today’s global economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tucker pointed out the deficiencies of the educational system in the country today. Furthermore, he stressed on the need to implement changes to the system. The author focused on information that evidently shows why there is an urgent need to overhaul the educational system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Tucker, the report of New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce, â€Å"Tough Choices or Tough Times, provides an overview of the current status of the American labor force. It shows how the American workers are lagging behind workers from developing countries in terms of skills and abilities. Also, Tucker points out that workers from developing countries possess the same skills and knowledge as American workers and yet are paid lower wages. This poses a problem for American workers since it is a given that any business man would choose to lower costs for the same quality. American workers are losing their edge in the labor market due to the antiquated education system of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dilemma for American workers is this, they must either give up their current standard of living or they must improve themselves in terms of skills, talents, and abilities. The latter, according to Tucker, is the reason why a revamp of the country’s education system has become a necessity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tucker points out two criteria that the United States must meet in order for its workers to continue commanding their high wages and maintain their standard of living. The author says that first, American workers must match the best academic performance in the world. At the same time, Tucker said, the country must offer workers that are the most creative and innovative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article also highlighted the characteristics of a premium worker or the worker that deserves to be paid premium wages. According to the author American workers should become premium workers in order to receive the current wages that they are receiving. He described a premium worker as someone who has a high level of preparation in the general areas of reading, speaking, mathematics, history, literature, fine arts, and science. Furthermore, a premium worker should be comfortable with new ideas and abstractions. He must also be creative and possess the imagination to come up with meaningful and useful products for the company. Premium workers must also possess the ability to solve problems by using their knowledge from various fields. Lastly, Tucker described a premium worker as someone who is a team player and can easily adapt to the various changes around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Premium workers are products of a good and up-to-date educational system. This is the current problem of the education in the country as the current system is no longer adept with the conditions of today. To tackle this problem, Tucker suggested seven steps that can be taken to reform the American educational system. First, Tucker suggested charting a new course for student progression through the system. This requires a total reorganization of the system and opening of new educational opportunities as the students progress. Secondly, the author pointed out the need to reinvest resources where they are most needed and where they will be most efficiently used. This means that available resources should be allocated to areas of the system which can produce the greatest amount of rewards for the students. Another step is to initiate a universal preschool educational system. Tucker viewed preschool education as the foundation of school-based learning. If students are to become highly-skilled workers, they must have a good education foundation and preschool education is the integral aspect of such foundation. For teacher recruitment, Tucker suggested that schools recruit those coming from the top third of the college class. This will ensure highly-educated and competent teachers. Moreover, Tucker suggested the adoption of high-performance management modes to improve schools and districts. Also, he pointed out the need to provide strong support to disadvantaged students. Finally, he proposed the rebuilding of standards, assessment, and curriculum to reflect today’s needs and tomorrow’s requirements. In general, Marc Tucker’s article discusses the problems of the antiquated American educational system and its severe effects on the country’s labor force. I believe that there is indeed a pressing need to revamp the current educational system. Education in the country today no longer meets the needs of the economy. The labor force that the educational system produces is insufficient in terms of skills and abilities. The workers lack the necessary skills that warrant the wages they get. It is for this reason that American and international firms seem to turn to developing countries for their labor needs. If American workers are to remain deserving of the wages they receive, they must become more competent and highly-skilled. It is my opinion that the only way that the country will produce highly-skilled, creative, and innovative workers is to change the educational system. The system should focus more on the development of skills necessary for the various employment needs today. It is the right of every citizen to be properly and adequately educated in order to survive. The current system can no longer provide the educational needs of the people. The primary reason why people go to school is to prepare them for work. Since workers currently receive sub-standard education, they lack the skills and abilities that the labor market needs. Evidently, the only solution to this dilemma is, I believe, to revamp the educational system.

Francis Scott Fitzgerald Essay -- essays research papers

Francis Scott Fitzgerald   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is known as one of the most important American writers of his time. He wrote about the troubling time period in which he lived known as the Jazz Age. During this era people were either rich or dreamt of great wealth. Fitzgerald fell into the trap of wanting to be wealthy, and suffered great personal anguish because of these driving forces. I have chosen to write a term paper on F.Scott Fitzgerald. The goal of this presentation is to show F. Scott Fitzgerald's life through his defeats and triumphs and how these situations affected his life as a writer. Fitzgerald's life started in the Midwestern part of the United States. On September 24, 1896, he was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. F. Scott Fitzgerald was of Irish heritage on both sides and was distantly related to Francis Scott Key, for whom he is named, and to Maryland aristocracy. His parents, Edward Fitzgerald of the Glen Mary Farm near Rockville, Maryland and Mary McQuillan of St. Paul wed February 13, 1890 in Washington, D.C. Fitzgerald' s maternal grandfather was a very successful wholesale merchant. His grandfather's early death and his father's inability to keep a job, forced the family to be extremely dependent on the wealth of his grandfather's estate. Fitzgerald attended the St. Paul Academy as a child. In 1911 he entered the Newman School in Hackensack, NJ. Growing up with a father who was out of work and who relied on his wife's inheritance gave Fitzgerald a mixed feeling of guilt and shame and yet he felt love for both his parents. These inner conflicts in his early life could have contributed to his inability to manage his finances, along with his constant obsession of gaining extreme wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fitzgerald later went to Princeton University, where writing and football were his main interests. It was there that he met friends Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. Fitzgerald was too small to play football so he joined a fraternity called the triangle club, the second most prestigious cliche on campus, football being first. After Princeton, Fitzgerald was quoted as saying to a friend â€Å"I want to be the greatest writer who ever lived don't you (Bruccoli, 1981).† In 1917, Fitzgerald joined the army and prepared to fight in World War I. It was soon after his mobilization that he sold his fir... ... ceaselessly into the past† (Grolier Encyclopedia, 1993). Showing his failed attempts to reach back into the past made him into someone who felt he had no control upon his destiny, because it could never be as successful as his past. He did know that his work would have a permanent claim upon the American Literary World. Fitzgerald's life mirrored his novels. His live was filled love and tragedy. He pursued his dreams, and in real life, often lived those dreams. He longed to capture his youth and its purity. He produced thousands of short stories, often times to support their frivolous lifestyles as well as to tell their stories. Many scholars have critiqued his work and their desire to interpret Fitzgerald's work line the shelves of libraries. The Great Gatsby is a Great American Classic in which hundreds of thousands of copies are sold each year to high school and college students every where. Much of his work has been translated into 35 languages. It's ironic that more of Fitzgerald's books are sold every year than were sold during his lifetime. Sometimes it takes more than a lifetime to reach your goals and Fitzgerald found a way to accomplish his goals without living forever.

How to Assess Employee’s Needs for Training

COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT HOW TO ASSESS EMPLOYEE’S NEEDS FOR TRAINING INTRODUCTION A  subject of my seminar assessment from Human resource management is Training needs assessment, or how to assess employee’s needs for training. The training needs assessment is a very effective way, how to identify employees’ needs for training. An object of my assessment is to acquaint readers with this topic, explain them, how the training needs of employees are identified, what the process of identification consists of and how to manage the training needs assessment.HOW TO ASSESS EMPLOYEE’S NEEDS FOR TRAINING Every company has goals which the company is trying to achieve. The main role plays employees who are the ones that actively participate in achieving the goals. That is the reason why the company should pay attention to them and evaluate if the employees have all qualifications, skills and knowledge that are the most efficient in ach ieving the goals. This evaluation can be provided through a very efficient method called training needs assessment, that discovers the training need of employees. Training needs assessment Staff training needs are assessed through a process called a training needs analysis. The exact form that this takes will depend on the nature of the organization, the technology available, and the nature of the staff. However, the fundamental elements of a training needs analysis are the same. It is a three-step process: * Identify the training needs * Deliver training that meets the needs * Assess the effectiveness of the training. These three steps are repeated over and over during the life-cycle of an organization. Continual assessment is required because the needs keep changing.Employees do not remain static they take on new roles and responsibilities. Their environment is also not static — technology keeps changing, as do the demands of their organization. † (Knowles, 2009) Iden tifying the Training Needs The best way how to identify training needs is with a three-step approach consisting of organizational analysis, analysis of employees and task analysis. 1. Organizational Analysis -Organizational analysis identifies abilities, knowledge and skills needed for employees in the future, when their job and the company will change.The analysis collects data through looking at few aspects like lost workdays, customer complaints, grievances, absenteeism, turnover rates, safety incidents, different performance problems, etc. Afterwards these data are assessed to detect where performance could be improved through training. The organizational analysis should be also prepared for future changes and it should also plan for changes in the workplace like worker demographics, laws and regulations and future skill needs. * Workforce.Workers growing old and women or other minorities becoming more prominent make the workforce change. Operating cost modifications and economi c changes also may need workplace changes, when competing internationally. If the company understands these possible changes, then it has a good advantage, because that may help it to adapt to employees’ needs while the company’s needs are still met. * Laws and regulations. An organization might be forced to arrange training in specific areas because of new laws and changes in current safety and environmental regulations.Also other policies which include employees need to be communicated to them. * Future skills. Future skill needs can be recognised if an organization understands, how it might change in the future. For instance, will new equipment be installed or new processes applied? Will standards or regulations be changed? Is technology going to change? Will there be interpersonal or communication skills needed from employees because they will have to work with others or in teams? Will cultural changes be taking place in the organization? 2.Analysis of employees- A nalysis of employees looks at individual employees and assesses their performance in their jobs. Their individual level of skills or knowledge can be determined through interviews, questionnaires or tests. Their performance reviews can contain useful data as well. Furthermore, problems with performance can be recognised by assessing aspects such as output, non-attendance, lateness, equipment repairs needed, accidents, complaints, client complaints and product quality. When shortages are recognised, an individual employee’s needs can be met through initiating training.All three stages of the training needs analysis are interconnected and information has to be gathered at all stages. Based on the data collected, training needs can be recognised, and the company can form learning objectives and develop a training program so the needs can be met, both company’s and employee’s. 3. Task Analysis- Task analysis examines requirements of knowledge and skills that are nee ded for each job and compares them to actual employee’s knowledge and skills. Any absence reveals a need for training.Analysis of job safety, standard operating methods, job description, performance standards, examination and questioning on-site, literature review and best practices are all sources for information collection. An efficient task analysis detects: * tasks that need to be accomplished * terms under which tasks can be accomplished * when and how often tasks are achieved * quantity and quality of work required * skills and knowledge needed to achieve tasks * where and how these skills are best gained Figure 1- Training needs assessment process (Bajzikova, a ini, 2011)Delivering Training That Meets the Needs Training can be provided through many different ways. It can be formal, classroom like, in the organization’s building, together with colleagues or it could be delivered through an external training company, also in class, but with people from other organ izations. Other option is to provide the training on-line. The training might be short or long-lasting. Short lasting, such as classes lasting a day or even longer, that provide quiet big amount of information, or long-lasting trainings, that are delivered in small parts, maybe an hour a day or less.The trainings can be on a one-to-one basis, or they can take place in a group with one teacher. But the one-to-one basis trainings could become more like mentoring than formal teaching. What is important is that the teaching method and content matches the needs of the learners. Assessing the Effectiveness of Training In order to know whether the training has achieved the goals that were set for it, the organization needs to set up some sort of assessment. â€Å"Happy sheet† is the most basic form of assessment, especially for training I classes.The sheet is about one page long and it asks those who were trained if they enjoyed themselves during the training, whether they felt like they learned anything and what could have been better. There are also more complex and sophisticated forms how to evaluate training and these, after the training, measure the employees’ performance and compare it with their performance before. This cycle needs to be repeated even several times, because it is improbable that just one cycle of training needs analysis and following education will solve all problems. Models for Training Needs AssessmentsMcClelland’s open-systems model McClelland (1993) presents an open-systems model for managing training needs assessments. This model contains of eleven steps which help to manage the assessment. 1. â€Å"Define assessment goals. 2. Determine assessment group. 3. Determine availability of qualified resources to conduct and oversee the project. 4. Gain senior management support for and commitment to the process. 5. Review and select assessment methods and instruments. 6. Determine critical time frames. 7. Schedule and imple ment. 8. Gather feedback. 9. Analyse feedback. 10. Draw conclusions. 1. Present findings and recommendations. † (Cekada, 2010) Barbazette’s model Barbazette says that training needs assessment should answer 4 questions: what, who, when, how and why. * What- â€Å"What is the best way to do a specific job? This helps to achieve the desired results. Standard operating methods may indicate how to manage a task or which government regulations need to be considered when completing a task. Other important thing is to ask what jobs are involved in the shortage. This recognises critical tasks that have the possibility to cause a personal or property damage. Who- â€Å"Who is involved in the shortage of performance? † This will identify those employees that are involved and guarantee that the training is customized for them. It is also essential to consider the target audience for the training; what information does the organization have about them to design and customiz e the training; and who else may profit from the training. * When- â€Å"When can be training best delivered? This helps to minimize the impact on the business. It is also crucial to determine other things that are needed to make sure that the training is provided and delivered effectively.These models help guide development of a training needs assessment. * How- â€Å"How the shortage of performance can be fixed? † This helps to determine whether training will resolve the issue. That reveals if a skill or knowledge shortage led to the issue. * Why- â€Å"Why? † This helps to connect the performance shortage to a business need and asks whether the profit of the training is greater than the cost of the current shortage. CONCLUSION The training needs assessment is used to identify an organization’s and its employees’ training needs and determine the type and range of resources that are needed to support a training program.It helps the organization to desig n or choose the right type of training and afterwards it helps to assess if the goals were achieved. The training needs assessment is a very good, not complicated and effective way how to deal with educational needs within a company. And even though the cycle might have to be repeated several times, it is a helpful huma resource management tool. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Bajzikova, Lubica, et al. 2011. Manazment ludskych zdrojov. Bratislava  : Comenius University Bratislava, 2011. pp. 92-96. 978-80-223-2989-7. Cekada, Tracey L. 2010. www. asse. org. [Online] 3 2010. http://www. asse. org/professionalsafety/docs/F1Cekada_0310. pdf. * Knowles, Andrew. 2009. suite101. com. How to assess staff training needs. [Online] 9 7, 2009. http://suite101. com/article/how-to-assess-staff-training-needs-a146161. * Miller, Janice A. , Osinski, Diana M. and SPHR. 1996. www. ispi. org. [Online] 2 1996. http://www. ispi. org/pdf/suggestedReading/Miller_Osinski. pdf. * Unknown. www. opm. gov. [Online] http://www . opm. gov/hrd/lead/TrainingNeedsAssessment. asp.

NCMMOD2CA

The question of the respective interests of the two sides in the Hollywood conflict is ultimately a valid question in light of the article. However, perhaps before embarking on an exploration of what their respective interests might be, it would be wise to first clearly define what we are referring to when we reference the two sides of the debate. The clearest separation between the two sides shown in the article is that of the guilds versus the producers or movie houses. However, perhaps equally interesting is the gray area, which falls in between the two – for example, those members of a guild who are also producers. The point in this respect is to determine where those people lie on the scale of either being more biased toward the guild members (actors and writers) or toward the producers. If we take our two sides as defined, the producers versus the guild members then we are in a sufficient position to examine the respective interests of each side. It is immediately clear that this is a long-standing debate as we begin to examine the article, â€Å"On the morning of October 8, 1945, thousands of picketing film workers, some wearing white-painted civil defense helmets, were confronted by truckloads of scabs who attacked with lead pipes, monkey wrenches and nightsticks† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 1). From this inauspicious opening, we can already start to summon some idea of what the central debate might be. The principal concern of both sides of this debate is money – whether that money should be residual compensation for work performed on a completed product (for the actors and writers), or ongoing revenue from the marketing and sale of that product (for the producers).   While the article details the previous compensation rates for guild members, â€Å"When a consumer plops down $25 for a new DVD, for example, the credited screenwriter receives only 4 cents†   (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 10) it also clearly indicates the desire of the guild members – for additional compensation in this regard. Therefore, we can clearly define the interest of the guild members as being that of what they might regard as adequate compensation for their work. However, this is not the only interest at work in the guild members, as we look deeper into the article and examine the strikes that have taken place previously. â€Å"After last year's costly six-month SAG-AFTRA walkout in the commercials sector, during which thousands of actors went without paychecks, there's little rank-and-file enthusiasm for another season without work† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 33). Clearly, given the fact that the previous strike had damaged lives and caused hardship to guild members, the guild members themselves would indicate among their interests the fastest possible resolution to any conflict between the guild and the producers. As mentioned in the article by one IATSE official, â€Å"You don't go on strike for six months to get what you could have gotten in the first week† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 15). Perhaps then, we have more than simply two sides at work in the conflict: the guilds, the guild members, and the producers. The producers, by contrast, clearly are eager to maintain the status quo. In one negotiation, specific figures are named, with the WGA scaling back its demands to a meager 25% increase, and being met with â€Å"an offer of a zero percent increase† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 13). It is worthwhile at this point to note that both sides have expressed interests and not positions. To clarify, the interest on the guild member’s side might be increased compensation, while a possible position for that interest would be the actual renegotiation of contractual agreements between the guilds and the producers. Similarly, on the producer’s side, the interest is maintaining the status quo, while the position would be the maintenance of existing contracts. To examine points, we should again discuss how those points affect both sides of the debate. The points are clear enough that they can be listed one by one. Due to the mild bias of the article toward the guilds, and guild members there are considerably more points presented from this side of the argument than the other. The first and simplest point is the sheer mass of guild members demanding better working conditions: â€Å"pent-up demand has reached a boiling point† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 5) mentions WGA vice president, Dan Petrie, Jr. Whether this demand and pressure is due to poor contracts with producers, or poor negotiations of the same is subject to debate, but is beyond the scope of this essay. Second, there are the many sides of the financial coin. Artists are concerned primarily with fair pay for the use of their work in both the original and recreated mediums. As mentioned in the articles, â€Å"artists are paid little or nothing in residuals for such reuse and resale of their work† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 9). This perhaps was less of a problem before the emergence of the Internet, and the growth of the International market. In fact, it is clearly stated that writers had previously accepted lower pay, however they â€Å"did so with the understanding that talent would eventually receive a fair share as those markets matured† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 10). According to the article, this is something, which has now happened. An additional aspect to the financial issues is the matter of what the article refers to as â€Å"transfer pricing† abuse – the maneuvering of intellectual property among subsidiary partners of a corporate owner at less than fair market value to reduce the required amount of residuals, which are eligible to be paid. Just as these points are the primary ones discussed in the article, there are none mentioned for the producers – other than their interest in maintaining the status quo, as discussed earlier in the essay. The primary conflict of money for the two sides is, according to the article, a major threat to the movie industry as a whole. As this conflict approaches resolution, the successful negotiation by the unions to a deal which will allow for substantial enough earnings to appease their member base while still allowing for enough profit for the producers, will prove to determine if the actor and writer guilds can escape their status â€Å"as pampered poodles.† (Cooper, 2001) References Cooper, M. (2001). Residual Anger. Retrieved February 11, 2007 from, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010402/cooper

Write Your Biomedical Science Personal Statement Essays

Write Your Biomedical Science Personal Statement Essays Write Your Biomedical Science Personal Statement Essay Write Your Biomedical Science Personal Statement Essay Biomedical science students pursuing advance studies hardly ever worry about any intricate formulas or equations, however, they do get panic-stricken quite easily when they are asked by the admission board of a college to prepare a personal statement. Basically these statements are used to impress the admission board and increase the chances of gaining admission into the university you want. Nonetheless, there are some valuable guidelines which can help students in preparing an impressive biomedical science personal statement. Get in touch with the admission department of different biomedical science universities and acquire some guidelines for writing the statement. Review each guideline carefully in order to determine whether you have to stick with the specified format for the personal statement or you can use your own. If they strictly order you to stick with their specified guideline, you have to adhere to their specification, otherwise the board may reject your statement. Also check the given word limit for the statement. Analyze the guidelines and understand what the admission board really wants in an applicant’s personal statement. Make a list of some reasons that tell the readers why you would make an excellent PhD candidate in the field of biomedical science. Ask your parents, friends or other family members to do the same on your behalf. They will most likely include those qualities or experience that you might be unpretentious to include in the statement. Make notes of those people who have inspired you to pursue this field. Create a personal statement outline keeping in view the specifications or guidelines of the university which you are applying to. Remember that you have to create a new outline for each university because it is highly likely that their guidelines may differ. By having an outline you will be able to stick with the format and instructions as specified in the guideline. Develop your biomedical science personal statement by mentioning the extracurricular activities which you have partaken. For instance, volunteering at a local hospital for a week or month under the supervision of a gerontologist and striving how to improve the healthcare facilities for old age people demonstrates the admission board that you are seriously dedicated to the biomedical science field and you take your responsibilities very sincerely. In the next paragraph talk a little about how your academic grades relate to your interest and dedication with their field. Talk about your aspiration such as you find it very interesting to read the fascinating work of Roger Watson. Do not hesitate to talk about your schooling experience as it will prove crucial at University where patience is most needed. In the subsequent paragraph talk about your other hobbies or interest. For example, you partake in different sports like tennis, football or swimming. Revise the final draft of the biomedical science personal statement and submit it to the board after ensuring that it is error-free. Keep your personal statement accurate and to the point. While revising, omit any unnecessary sentences that are not interesting or irrelevant.

Experience Essay

Experience Essay Experience Essay Experience Essay: Writing Tips As a rule people are asked to write experience essays when they apply for a new job, as a rule. In this case, the essay writing tips may be quite helpful for people in this case, and the person should be acknowledged how to write experience essay correctly in order not to spoil the whole process of writing as this may be quite helpful for people for their future occupation. When a person does not know how to write this very task and does not know even some easy rules to follow then it is necessary to implement the proper knowledge and also understanding of the problem. In this case, it is also advisable to use the Internet and become confident in the necessity of the present knowledge for the proper implementation of the task. Experience Essay: The Procedure to Follow! When the person wants to get the job and wants to be sure that the present job is something important for them, then the person must remember all the rules that may be helpful for people while writing experience essay. First of all, in order to make it better, it is necessary to write it and include all the necessary information in it that may be important for your future employer. The main aim of experience essay is to provide true to life personal information about your past experiences and professional abilities for future life, It may be helpful for people to practice their writing skills with the help of some writing assignments and proper tasks that may be helpful and can increase the potential of the person: Besides, when the person must implement the task and write an experience essay, they must be properly prepared also not only grammatically, but also lexically, as the level of mistakes in such kind of job must be very low. Experience Essay: How to Make it Better? To make the written task better and to improve its quality, the person must edit the experience essay after it was implemented, you can do this alone or ask for help on the part of professionals and teachers, or even order the editing service online, where the professional writers not only check the work properly but also can even change some lexical structures in the content of the article. The role of experience essay is quite high when the person applies for a new job on this or that company and wants to include everything that may be helpful for them in order to impress the future employers. Read also: Dissertation Service Dissertation Help APA Thesis Writing a Term Paper Write a Term Paper

Formal justification report to an organization making a recommendation Research Proposal

Formal justification report to an organization making a recommendation for eco paper - Research Proposal Example The report proposes a greener approach to the building and construction sector to ensure that that as domestic and commercial built environment increases, there should be measures that have to be followed in ensuring that buildings are energy efficient, with a view of reducing the carbon load caused by both domestic and commercial usage in heating, air conditioning and cooling. Other resources such as water should also be utilized in the best way possible to ensure sustainability. Some buildings such as L60 building in Melbourne and Comcast Center in Philadelphia have elaborated the leadership in built environment impact of reducing global warming through being energy efficient. Such buildings serve as the best examples that the program should be tailored to emulate and policies put in place, to enforce new and old buildings to accord to these policies. This is due to the wide ranging benefits that is achieved though energy efficient designs on the long term. There is to put into per spectives some of the technologies successfully implement in other places to use to achieve the same benefits. Sustainable Architecture & Building 1.0 Introduction: Overview The current globalised world in industrialization has led to massive increase in environmental pollution. The environmental pollution and the release of green house gases to the atmosphere are two issues that have become a menace to the current order in life. There are many organizations and government initiatives that have been set up to find measures that would be used to reduce the environmental impact of greenhouse gases, and saving of other resources such as water that are becoming scarce after each day. These organization and government policies have come up with measures that are targeted to the general manufacturing sectors and service sectors. This leaves an important cause of pollution unaddressed; the domestic and commercial houses. The Department of Built Environment and Urbanization has a responsibi lity to put up measures that if implemented in the building sector would have environmental degradation through release of green house gases reduced significantly. This call for implementing measures and policies that would require all the modern houses and those under construction to ensure efficiency in energy utility in a bid to ensure sustainable development that is friendly to the environment. There is a need for architects, clients and engineers to cooperate in designing and constructing domestic and commercial buildings to ensure the reduction of carbon load that is mainly caused by overreliance on conventional energy sources in both commercial and domestic buildings. As the country relies heavily on coal and hydropower sources of energy, the carbon burden produced by these energy sources has been increasing daily as the domestic and commercial power demands soars to record levels. The Australian households use about 92% of conventional energy, with only 8% being tapped form renewable sources. This has led the domestic usage or households to contribute to about

Industry and Company Analysis - strategy of management Assignment

Industry and Company Analysis - strategy of management - Assignment Example Customer loyalty is not really an issue in this sector as convenience stores will sell the same or similar produces across the board, leaving no buyer switching cost (IBIS World Market Research, 2011b). The second force is the threat of substitute services. The biggest threat to the convenience store sector is supermarkets, which have reported an annual growth of 3.4% in the last 5 years (compared to the -0.4% of convenience store sector). This is because of a general move towards supermarket sales in general, plus many of the supermarket chains entered into the convenience store sector. There is little to no cost to the consumer to change to a substitute service, increasing the threat. The bargaining power of the customer is dependent on many factors, including the location of the convenience store and surrounding options. However, in many cases (particularly in urban areas) customers will have a price sensitivity that may cause them to move to another rival chain. The buyer volume is much lower than for supermarkets, which means that the convenience store sector can be more sensitive to changes in customer power. The bargaining power of suppliers in this sector is interesting, because many of the companies within the convenience store sector will be using the same suppliers. This is because many stock brand name goods. This means there are strong distribution channels and almost no supplier competition. The impact of inputs on cost is high, but will affect all areas of the sector, plus the competing supermarkets (IBIS World Market Research, 2011b). The intensity of competitive rivalry is interesting in this sector. Whilst there are advertising campaigns for 7-Eleven and the other major convenience store chains, the main choice for a customer is the location and ease of access to the store. This means that much of the competitive rivalry in the sector is accumulating property in convenient

THE COTSWOLDS AREA OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY Essay

THE COTSWOLDS AREA OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY - Essay Example ple and Hall (1992) opines that the heritage based tourism aims at letting the tourists experience the past traditional, social and religious aspects of a destination. In order to give tourists an unforgettable experience in heritage tourism, the management of a tourist destination selected must be perfect. One area that can be used to perfect the management of destinations is through an audit of the destination. An audit of the destination will involve an intensive examination of the destinations available tourism resources (Cooper, 2003). These resources include the amenities, major attractions, activities and other internal aspects of the destination with respect to the targeted market. It also includes the external factors such as threats emerging from competition and economic environment (Woodside 2008). This paper uses the case of Cotswolds Area of Outstanding National Beauty to perform a tourist destination audit. First, an overview of the destination is given. It then proceeds to analyse the internal and internal factors that affect the performance of the destination with recommendations of appropriate actions in the end. The Cotswold area is the largest heritage based destinations of tourism in England and Wales. The geographical area covers an expansive region with different tourist attractions. These include heritage cities, serene and attractive country side, cultural cuisines, and local limestone along with heritage events. Because of its expansive nature, the Cotswold area of outstanding natural beauty has a complex destination management organization. A destination management organization is the hierarchy of groups of persons and bodies that are in charge running tourism affairs in a given tourist destination (Wang & Pizam 2011). Their main task is to constantly examine and improve tourism attraction features and strategically position the destination in the tourism market (Klimerk 2013, p. 1). This study also indicates that the destination

What is intellectuality? how and to what effect is it used in the media?

What is intellectuality? how and to what effect is it used in the media? What is intertextuality? How and to what effect is it used in the media? Intertextuality can be discussed on many different levels. However, I have discovered that when thinking of intertextuality in contemporary media, my mind recalls those who founded intertextuality and are now an inspiration from their various approaches to this topic. Indeed, intertextuality mirrors its ever-present service as a way of formalizing a vast number of different techniques and effects in literature and in the media. Speaking in the light of this, I shall discuss the various concepts many linguistics reveal which revolve around the relationships between various interconnected texts in media studies. I also aim to explore intertextuality as a literary term, while I hope to illustrate the elements which reinforce intertextuality as an effective device used widely in the media today. Firstly, however, I would like to discuss the term ‘intertextuality. Intertextuality can be described as the shaping of texts meaning to other texts. This idea portrays the meaning of a text belonging exclusively to its authors intentions, as the former text to a readers referencing of one text in reading another. Intertextuality is the word coined by Julia Kristeva, a French linguist who has written much on this topic. She proposed the idea that a text should not be interpreted merely by its words, but also studied based on other works it has adapted. Kristeva referred to texts in terms of two axes: â€Å"horizontal axis (subject-addressee) and vertical axis (text-context) coincide, bringing to light an important factor: each word (text) is an intersection of word (texts) where at least one other word (text) can be read.† (Kristeva, 1980) Bonding these two axes can be meant they are shared codes; which leaves every text and every reading depending on prior signs or symb ols. Kristeva declared that â€Å"every text is from the outset under the jurisdiction of other discourses which impose a universe on it† (Kristeva, 1980). In Mikhail Bakhtins work, these two axes, which he calls â€Å"dialogue and ambivalence† (Bakhtin: cited in Kristeva, 1980), are not clearly separated. He argues that â€Å"any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotation; any text is the absorption and transformation of another. The notion of intertextuality replaces that of intersubjectivity, and poetic language is read as at least double.† (Bakhtin: cited in Kristeva, 1980) This debate between Kristeva and Bakhtin shows that there are conflicting views surrounding this topic concerning various terms applied; which open further discussion on the meaning of intertextuality as a literary term. Kristeva follows to argue that any text, as a ‘concept allows one to think about how language is arranged in ways which undercut its communicative purposes, meanwhile exposing the codes that classify the creation of linguistic messages. â€Å"The text provides one with the conceptual means by which to theorize and thus analyze the formation and deformation of the human being that takes place in the circuits of symbolic exchange.† (Kristeva, 1980) On the other hand, Roland Barthes (1977) introduces his concept and definition to intertextuality as â€Å"woven entirely with citations, references, echoes, cultural language which cut across in through and through in a vast stereophony. The intertextual in which every text is held, it itself being the text-between of another text, is not to be confused with some origin of the text† rather â€Å"the citation which go to make up a text anonymous†. (Barthes, 1977: cited in Graham Allen, 2003) However, Barthes declar es that the concept of text is that related to the concept of intertextuality by explaining that â€Å"a text is a multidimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash. The text is a tissue of quotations The writer can only imitate a gesture that is always anterior, never original; his only power is to mix writings, to counter the ones with the others, in such a way as never to rest on any one of them† (Barthes, 1977: cited in Allen, 2003). This shows that Barthes believes that text convey a meaning imparted to it by its author and is keen to avoid the misinterpretation of his defintion and relationship between ‘text and ‘intertextuality, different from all linguistics. Conversely, it can be said that all the above arguments show the concept of intertextuality launched in order to identify a fundamental dialogue of discourses and texts. Perhaps intertextuality â€Å"as a phenomenon presents certain difficulties precisely because it is so widespread. A particularly important problem has to do with the fact that the concept of intertextuality appears to be infinitely expandable† (Allen, 2003). This problem is complicated when applied in literary studies. However, Jonathan Culler (1998) found a way much easier to explain; a way in which intertextuality can be a simpler term to understand. He applied â€Å"the linguistic concept of presupposition to the way a text produces a ‘pre-text or draws attention to its own conventions.†(Culler 1998) Intertextuality through Cullers quote can be explained, for instance; if a reader picks up a book and reads its introduction or the blurb (pre-text) and engages with it, and then later decides to buy the book in order to discover the ‘full story. Notably, texts do dialogues but â€Å"it could be difficult to imagine dialogues without some notion of the author† (Anker Gemzoe, 1997). In other words, Gemzoe explains that although work can be seen as part of an authors belonging, it is usually difficult to read or analyse any text without some concept of the work. â€Å"These objections do not invalidate the idea of intertextuality in literary studies, but they make it clear that it should be handled with care† (Gemzoe, 1997). Furthermore, Norman Fairclough (1992) and John Fiske (1991) comment on the concept of intertextuality to expose an awareness of both its â€Å"promise and limitations†. (Fairclough and Fiske: cited in Allen 2003) Fairclough thought to introduce a systematic approach to intertextuality in order to involve various â€Å"categories and types designed to make the basic concept† (Fairclough, 1992) easier to apply. Accordingly, he points to a useful division between â€Å"‘manifest intertextuality and ‘interdiscursivity† (Fairclough, 1992). Manifest intertextuality is implied to be subdivided into the following categories: â€Å"Discourse representation, presupposition, negation, metadiscourse and irony† (Fairclough 1992). Interdiscursivity is more complicated because it â€Å"construes the categories in question as genres and styles† (Fairclough 1992). The idea of genre here, embraces the others as it sets the rules for styles and discourses. Culler states in his study of interdiscursivity that it â€Å"depends on several presuppositions† (Culler, 1998). However, Gemzoe draws particular attention to some significant theoretical suggestions involved in Kristevas earlier coining of the term ‘intertextuality. In Gemzoes opinion â€Å"Kristevas gesture involved a critical confrontation with the subject, representation, narrative and the work as an autonomous entity† (Gemzoe, 1997). The subject and the idea of representation are changed by a written structure with its own structures of reference. Two of these four suggestions â€Å"could make any use of the concept of intertextuality ambiguous in a literary context, even if the concept is acknowledged as somehow indispensable† (Gemzoe, 1997). Generally, intertextuality is seen to be used widely in the media. We interact with media everyday during our daily routines. Wither we read newspapers before going to work, or listen to the radio while driving our cars, or watch the television or a film in our free time or even read an advertisement displayed on a wall; we are all part of this media world or society in which we live in. However, from all the above arguments and definitions, it has been clearly recognized that intertextuality is present in literary studies. However, in media studies, intertextuality is obvious in some types of media than others. Fiske (1987) identifies intertextuality as a main supplier to the ways in which media texts make meaning culturally. He argues that â€Å"text relate to other text both similar, and different, and in doing so make meaning for audiences†. In the light of this, I shall start identifying examples of intertextuality used in a newspaper article, television soap, and music v ideos and in films. Not all newspapers contain intertextuality. The reason for this relates back to the type of paper. For examples, tabloids are known for their conversational and simple language which is written in favour for all age groups. Intertextuality is therefore most obvious in tabloids than in the ‘quality paper. For instance, in the Daily Mail Online, there is an article on Rita Simon from EastEnders revealing: â€Å"I hate the muffin tops Ive developed since having children†. This example of hating ‘muffin tops is the way she expresses her feelings towards the un-likeliness to her round like shape of her bust and later claims she would like â€Å"perkier boobs†. This example of intertextuality was not seen as a directly clear and profound one; rather it was hidden through the phrases used to portray another image. This technique is used effectively in newspapers and in this example, to focus on a particular subject to overlap the significance of another subject. Speaking of EastEnders, it can be said that the title of this soap itself, displays a clear heading of intertextuality in television. As known, EastEnders is set in the traditional working class area in the London Borough of Walford, in the ‘East End of London. The word ‘enders can be suggested to be the plural of the individual who lives in the east end, and thus this represents the lifestyle of the east in London. Fiske states that â€Å"discourse about television is itself a social force. It is a major site of the meditation of television meanings, a site where television meanings fuse with other meanings into a new text to form a major interface†, (Fiske, 1987). In examining a films intertextuality, therefore, it is best to look at the prior texts that influenced the film which that film takes up and makes into something new. Even if the film is mostly similar to its previous version, intertextuality can still be identified. For example, when discussing the film‘The Matrix, as this film is an example of intertextuality. It draws upon texts of Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu religions. Also, the film‘Slumdog Millionaire is another film name which draws our attention to the original name of the international, most famous program ‘Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? The films name derives from this well known program but is used to portray the life of a Mumbai teenage boy who grows up in the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian version of â€Å"Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?† Following to this, music videos is a genre which is seen to rely heavily on the use of intertextuality to achieve a particular effect. Often this borrowing of a text to link it to a second one is stylistic. This means that a text will mimic or copy certain stylistic features of another text. Usually this is done in order to create a particular impact, although there may be instances where this borrowing may seem simply a matter of convenience to give a music video, for example, a particular look. For example, Christina Aguilera in her music video ‘Hurt dyed her hair blonde and cut it short, used red lipstick and took on a Marilyn Monroe look; many of her fans believed she is one of the main proponents in bringing back the 1920s and 1940s.   This, however, has always been the image of Marilyn in everybodys mind; therefore Christinas transformation had helped leave an impact on the viewers to sell her single quicker making it number one in the charts in 2005. For the viewers he re, the power of the image of the original text (Marilyn Monroe) is likely to be carried through into the new text (Christina Aguilera). In this study, I have interpreted the multiple meanings of intertextuality by many academics as a literary term and followed to examine how effective it is through examples I showed in the media. In conclusion to intertextuality in the media, it can be said that it acts as a ‘communicative occurrence; meaning that its presence helps analyse many genres, texts, media discourses etc. Without intertextuality, I believe it is partly difficult to understand where an original piece of text came from and how it developed into becoming a ‘new version of that original. Although I did not study all the media type in order to finalize my opinion on intertextuality in the media, however I believe that with the continuous revolutionized techniques the media uses to portray any sort of text or image; intertextuality will need to keep up with this development and thus catch up with the what is so-called ‘internet era in which we live in today.